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About Prapela

Since receiving our first award in 2017, Prapela has become America's most-awarded pediatric medical device startup. We are honored and motivated to work with neonatologists, nurses, researchers, the National Institutes of Health (NIH), and the FDA to improve the health of newborns.

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More about Us

Located in Portland, Maine, our team is led by co-founders John Konsin and David Morrill. John has 40 years of experience in the life science and consumer markets and has launched over 100 world-class products. David has 33 years of experience in product design, electronics, software development, and manufacturing, and holds 10 patents. With the FDA authorization of our bassinet pad, we look forward to adding to our team and introducing more products using our unique stimulation therapy for newborns.

We take our work seriously.  

Here's are the references for much of the information provided on POE and NOWS.

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2.        Bloch-Salisbury E, Wilson JD, Rodriguez N, et al. Efficacy of a Vibrating Crib Mattress to Reduce Pharmacologic Treatment in Opioid-Exposed Newborns: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Pediatr. 2023;177(7):665-674. doi:10.1001/JAMAPEDIATRICS.2023.1077

3.        Velez ML, Jordan C, Jansson LM. Reconceptualizing non-pharmacologic approaches to Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome (NAS) and Neonatal Opioid Withdrawal Syndrome (NOWS): A theoretical and evidence-based approach. Part II: The clinical application of nonpharmacologic care for NAS/NOWS. Neurotoxicol Teratol. 2021;88. doi:10.1016/J.NTT.2021.107032

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6.        Ferrington DG, Hora MO. Functional maturation of tactile sensory fibers in the kitten. Neurophysiol . 1984;52(19):74-85.

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25.      Hudak ML, Makker K. Fetal Opioid Exposure and Smaller Birth Head Circumference: Cause for Concern? Pediatrics. 2019;143(1). doi:10.1542/PEDS.2018-3376

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27.      HHS Announces a Standard Clinical Definition for Opioid Withdrawal in Infants | HHS.gov. Accessed February 21, 2024. https://www.hhs.gov/about/news/2022/01/31/hhs-announces-standard-clinical-definition-for-opioid-withdrawal-in-infants.html

28.      Wachman EM, Houghton M, Melvin P, et al. A quality improvement initiative to implement the eat, sleep, console neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome care tool in Massachusetts’ PNQIN collaborative. J Perinatol. 2020;40(10):1560-1569. doi:10.1038/S41372-020-0733-Y

29.      Singh R, Melvin P, Wachman EM, et al. Short term outcomes of neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome: a comparison of two approaches. Journal of Perinatology 2024. Published online April 2, 2024:1-9. doi:10.1038/s41372-024-01953-z

30.      Pahl A, Young L, Buus-Frank ME, Marcellus L, Soll R. Non-pharmacological care for opioid withdrawal in newborns. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2020;2020(12). doi:10.1002/14651858.CD013217.PUB2/MEDIA/CDSR/CD013217/IMAGE_T/TCD013217-CMP-001.06.PNG

31.      Assessment and treatment of abstinence in the infant of the drug-dependent mother - PubMed. Accessed February 21, 2024. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1100537/

32.      Ostrea EM, Chavez CJ, Strauss ME. A study of factors that influence the severity of neonatal narcotic withdrawal. J Pediatr. 1976;88(4 Pt 1):642-645. doi:10.1016/S0022-3476(76)80027-3

33.      Drugs C on. Neonatal Drug Withdrawal. Pediatrics. 1998;101(6):1079-1088. doi:10.1542/PEDS.101.6.1079

34.      Call in the cuddlers: Volunteers soothe opioid-dependent babies. Accessed February 22, 2024. https://www.statnews.com/2017/01/06/volunteer-cuddlers-opioids/

35.      Oro AS, Dixon SD. Waterbed care of narcotic-exposed neonates. A useful adjunct to supportive care. Am J Dis Child. 1988;142(2):186-188. doi:10.1001/ARCHPEDI.1988.02150020088036

36.      D’Apolito K. Comparison of a rocking bed and standard bed for decreasing withdrawal symptoms in drug-exposed infants. MCN Am J Matern Child Nurs. 1999;24(3):138-144. doi:10.1097/00005721-199905000-00007

37.      4moms® Cares | Our Mission | 4moms®. Accessed February 22, 2024. https://www.4moms.com/pages/4moms-cares

38.      Dodds D, Koch K, Buitrago-Mogollon T, Horstmann S. Successful Implementation of the Eat Sleep Console Model of Care for Infants With NAS in a Community Hospital. Hosp Pediatr. 2019;9(8):632-638. doi:10.1542/HPEDS.2019-0086

39.      Holmes M, Wright ME. Academy of Neonatal Nursing - Survey on Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Nurses Use of the MamaRoo as a Nonpharmacologic Treatment.; 2017.

40.      Gellasch P, Johnson S, Walsh TA. The Experiences and Perceptions of Neonatal Clinicians When Using a Responsive Bassinet. Adv Neonatal Care. 2023;23(4):E88-E95. doi:10.1097/ANC.0000000000001086

41.      Book of Dreams: Sacramento hospital needs special baby swings | Sacramento Bee. Accessed February 22, 2024. https://www.sacbee.com/entertainment/living/helping-others/book-of-dreams/article282217438.html

42.      Attarian S, Tran LC, Moore A, Stanton G, Meyer E, Moore RP. The Neurodevelopmental Impact of Neonatal Morphine Administration. Brain Sci. 2014;4(2):321. doi:10.3390/BRAINSCI4020321

43.      De Graaf J, Van Lingen RA, Simons SHP, et al. Long-term effects of routine morphine infusion in mechanically ventilated neonates on children’s functioning: five-year follow-up of a randomized controlled trial. Pain. 2011;152(6):1391-1397. doi:10.1016/J.PAIN.2011.02.017

44.      Handelmann GE, Dow-Edwards D. Modulation of brain development by morphine: effects on central motor systems and behavior. Peptides (NY). 1985;6 Suppl 2(SUPPL. 2):29-34. doi:10.1016/0196-9781(85)90131-7

45.      Kocek M, Wilcox R, Crank C, Patra K. Evaluation of the relationship between opioid exposure in extremely low birth weight infants in the neonatal intensive care unit and neurodevelopmental outcome at 2 years. Early Hum Dev. 2016;92:29-32. doi:10.1016/J.EARLHUMDEV.2015.11.001

46.      Rozisky JR, Medeiros LF, Adachi LS, et al. Morphine exposure in early life increases nociceptive behavior in a rat formalin tonic pain model in adult life. Brain Res. 2011;1367:122-129. doi:10.1016/J.BRAINRES.2010.10.041

47.      Taddio A, Crosdale B, Hogan ME, et al. Safety of morphine in nonintubated infants in the neonatal intensive care unit. Clin J Pain. 2009;25(5):418-422. doi:10.1097/AJP.0B013E31819B7A3B

48.      McDaniel CE, Test M, Deodhar P, Jennings R, Bove J, Carlin K. Effects of polysubstance exposure on neonatal outcomes for infants with intrauterine opioid exposure. J Perinatol. 2020;40(10):1489-1496. doi:10.1038/S41372-020-0717-Y

49.      Patrick SW, Barfield WD, Poindexter BB. Neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome. Pediatrics. 2020;146(5). doi:10.1542/PEDS.2020-029074/75310

50.      Winkelman TNA, Villapiano N, Kozhimannil KB, Davis MM, Patrick SW. Incidence and Costs of neonatal abstinence syndrome among infants with Medicaid: 2004-2014. Pediatrics. 2018;141(4). doi:10.1542/PEDS.2017-3520

51.      Sublett J. Neonatal abstinence syndrome: therapeutic interventions. MCN Am J Matern Child Nurs. 2013;38(2):102-107. doi:10.1097/NMC.0B013E31826E978E

52.      Tolia VN, Patrick SW, Bennett MM, et al. Increasing Incidence of the Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome in U.S. Neonatal ICUs. New England Journal of Medicine. 2015;372(22):2118-2126. doi:10.1056/NEJMSA1500439/SUPPL_FILE/NEJMSA1500439_DISCLOSURES.PDF

53.      Patrick SW, Burke JF, Biel TJ, Auger KA, Goyal NK, Cooper WO. Risk of Hospital Readmission Among Infants With Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome. Hosp Pediatr. 2015;5(10):513. doi:10.1542/HPEDS.2015-0024

54.      Walsh MC, Crowley M, Wexelblatt S, et al. Ohio Perinatal Quality Collaborative Improves Care of Neonatal Narcotic Abstinence Syndrome. Pediatrics. 2018;141(4). doi:10.1542/PEDS.2017-0900

55.      Young LW, Ounpraseuth ST, Merhar SL, et al. Eat, Sleep, Console Approach or Usual Care for Neonatal Opioid Withdrawal. New England Journal of Medicine. 2023;388(25):2326-2337. doi:10.1056/NEJMOA2214470/SUPPL_FILE/NEJMOA2214470_DATA-SHARING.PDF

56.      Bloch-Salisbury E, Rodriguez N, Bruch T, McKenna L, Goldschmidt L. Physiologic dysregulation in newborns with prenatal opioid exposure: Cardiac, respiratory and movement activity. Neurotoxicol Teratol. 2022;92:107105. doi:10.1016/J.NTT.2022.107105

57.      Caritis SN, Panigrahy A. Opioids affect the fetal brain: reframing the detoxification debate. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2019;221(6):602-608. doi:10.1016/J.AJOG.2019.07.022

58.      Nagaraj UD, Kline-Fath BM, Zhang B, et al. MRI Findings in Third-Trimester Opioid-Exposed Fetuses With Focus on Brain Measurements: A Prospective Multicenter Case-Control Study. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2023;220(3):418. doi:10.2214/AJR.22.28357

59.      Smith VC, Kelty-Stephen D, Ahmad MQ, et al. Stochastic resonance effects on apnea, bradycardia, and oxygenation: A randomized controlled trial. Pediatrics. 2015;136(6):e1561-e1568. doi:10.1542/peds.2015-1334

60.      Safe Sleep. Accessed February 25, 2024. https://www.aap.org/en/patient-care/safe-sleep/

61.      Study Details | Efficacy and Outcomes of a Non-Pharmacological Intervention for Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome | ClinicalTrials.gov. Accessed February 27, 2024. https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT02801331

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63.      Nayeri F, Ebrahim B, Shariat M, et al. Treating Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome from Clinical Perspectives. Iranian Journal of Pediatrics 2017 27:4. 2017;27(4):6266. doi:10.5812/IJP.6266

64.      Davis JM, Shenberger J, Terrin N, et al. Comparison of safety and efficacy of methadone vs morphine for treatment of neonatal abstinence syndrome a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Pediatr. 2018;172(8):741-748. doi:10.1001/JAMAPEDIATRICS.2018.1307

65.      Zimmermann U, Rudin C, Duò A, Held L, Bucher HU. Treatment of opioid withdrawal in neonates with morphine, phenobarbital, or chlorpromazine: a randomized double-blind trial. Eur J Pediatr. 2020;179(1):141-149. doi:10.1007/S00431-019-03486-6

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